1. Define Internet?
Ans: The internet is “a network of networks”. An internet is an interconnection of millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the network.
2. Define Protocol?
Ans:Protocols are sets of rules for message formats and procedures that allow machines and application programs to exchange information. These rules must be followed by each machine involved in the communication in order for the receiving host to be able to understand the message.
The main protocol for transferring information on the web is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Web pages, both text and graphics are sent from the server to the browser using this protocol.
3. Define Web Clients.
Ans: A web client is an application that communicates with a web server. It is actually a web browser on your pc that makes the request to the web server. The communication between web client and web server takes place using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Web Server and Web Client are the two main elements in all internet applications. The Web Client sends requests and the web server listens to those requests and responds/ accomplishes the required task.
4. What are Web Servers?
Ans: Web server refers to hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that is used to deliver web pages to clients. A web server does a great deal of work in making web pages and sites available to browsers.
Web pages must reside somewhere on the internet in order to be accessed with a browser and a server is where we will find them. There are literally millions of Web servers on the internet, each of which may be home to thousands of web pages. The server is responsible for delivering these pages to web browser when it asks for it, i.e. it “serves” web pages to browsers.
5. What is HTML?
Ans: HTMLstands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the most widely used language to design web pages. The backbone of the World Wide Web is made of HTML files, which are specially formatted documents that can contain links, as well as images and other media.HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), as its name suggests, is a markup language.
6. What are HTML forms?
Ans: In HTML, forms are used to collect different kinds of user input. For example, Forms are required when we want to collect some data (like name, e-mail address, contact number etc.) from the site visitors who visit site.
A form is an area that can contain form elements. Form elements are like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc. which are used to take information from the user.
7. Discuss about PHP.
Ans: PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. PHP is mainly focused on server-side scripting so you can collect form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and receive cookies
8. Explain in brief about JavaScriplet.
Ans: JavaScript is a scripting language for web browsers. It is a lightweight and dynamic computer programming language. It is used to create client-side dynamic pages. JavaScript is an interpreted programming language that can be embedded into an HTML web page. JavaScript is interpreted by the client program, the browser. JavaScript code is placed within an HTML document. When the page that contains the script is loaded, the web browser’s built-in interpreter takes the code and executes the instructions.
9. What is a Javascript statement? Give an example.
Ans:A JavaScript statement is a command to a browser. The purpose of the command is to tell the browser what to do. This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write “Hello World” to the web page: document. write (“Hello World”); It is normal to add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement. Most people think this is a good programming practice, and most often you will see this in JavaScript examples on the web.
10. What are Style Sheets?
Ans: A style sheet provides a great deal of control over the presentation of a document. Style sheets describe how documents are presented on screens,A style sheet contains the specifications of a document’s layout, such as the page size, margins, fonts and font sizes.
11. Mention the need for cascading style sheets.
Ans: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages — for example, to alter the font, color, size, and spacing of your content, split it into multiple columns, or add animations and other decorative features.
Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web pages. They can be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages.
CSS makes it easy to change styles across several pages at once. For example, a Web developer may want to increase the default text size from 10pt to 12pt for fifty pages of a Web site. If the pages all reference the same style sheet, the text size only needs to be changed on the style sheet and all the pages will show the larger text.
12. List any four common browsers.
Ans:
1. Mozilla Firefox
2. Internet Explorer
3. Google Chrome
4. Safari
13. Discuss about comments in HTML.
Ans: Comments can be inserted in the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. We can use comments to explain code, which can help us when we edit the source code at a later stage. This is especially useful if we have a lot of code. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
HTML comments line are indicated by the special beginning tag <!–and ending tag –>. We can comment multiple lines by the special beginning tag <!–and ending tag –>.
14. Define URI.
Ans: URL stands for “Uniform Resource Locator”. It is defined as the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. We all use URLs to visit webpages and other resources on the web. The URL is an address that sends users to a specific resource online, such as a webpage, video or other document or resource.
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a set address for locating a unique resource on the internet, such as a file or an app. Uniform Resource Locators or URL’s are the standard way of locating and retrieving information on the World Wide Web. They tell the browser what piece of information to retrieve how to get to it and what protocol to use in the process.
15. What are the types of list supported by HTML?
Ans: There are three types of list supported by HTML.
Unordered List – A bullet list
Ordered List – a number list and
Definition List– A list of terms and definitions for each
16. What are the different types of pop-up boxes available in JavaScript? Explain them.
Ans. There are three types of pop-up boxes:
· Alert – it just displays a message with an OK button.
· Confirm –it pops up a confirmation message window with the OK and Cancel button.
· Prompt – it pops up a dialog box asking the user input followed confirmation buttons.
17. What Is The Role Of Internet Service Providers?
Ans: The term Internet service provider (ISP) refers to a company that provides individuals and organizations access to the internet and other related services.
The ISPconnects your personal computer, notebook, PDA, mobile device, game station, etc. to the Internet. Another name for ISP is IAP, or Internet Access Provider. ISPs make it possible for their customers to surf the web, shop online, conduct business, and connect with family and friends. ISPs may also provide other services including email services, domain registration, web hosting etc.
18. 14.What Is The Difference Between The Internet And The World Wide Web?
Ans: Difference between Internet and WWW (World Wide Web):
|
S. No. |
INTERNET |
WWW |
|
1 |
Internet is a global network of networks. |
WWW stands for World Wide Web |
|
2 |
Internet is a means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world. |
WWW is a collection of information which is accessed via the internet |
|
3 |
Internet is infrastructure |
WWW is service on top of that infrastructure |
|
4 |
Internet can be viewed as a big book-store. |
Web can be viewed as collection of books on that store. |
|
5 |
At some advanced level, to understand we can think of the internet as hardware. |
At some advanced level, to understand we can think of the WWW as software. |
|
6 |
Internet is primarily hardware-based |
WWW is more software oriented as compared to the internet. |
|
7 |
It is originated sometimes in late 1960s |
English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the world Wide Web in 1989. |
|
8 |
The first version of the internet was known as ARPANET |
In the beginning WWW was known as NSFNET |
|
9 |
Internet uses IP address |
WWW uses HTTP |
19. Explain W3C (World Wide Consortium).
Ans: W3C stands for World Wide Web Consortium. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international organization committed to improving the web. It is made up of several hundred member organizations from a variety of related IT industries. W3C sets standards for the World Wide Web (WWW) to facilitate interoperability and cooperation among all web stakeholders. It was established in 1994 by the creator of the WWW, Tim Berners-Lee.
20. What is the difference between HTML elements and tags?
Ans: An HTML tag is an indication to a web browser of how a web page should displayed, but an HTML element is an individual component of HTML. HTML elements are created using HTML tags. Tags are the starting and ending parts of an HTML element. They begin with < symbol and end with > symbol. Whatever written inside < and > are called tags.
Example: <b> </b>
HTML elements: Elements enclose the contents in between the tags.Most HTML elements are written with a start tag (or opening tag) and an end tag (or closing tag), with content in between. Elements can also contain attributes that defines its additional properties.
Technically, an HTML element is the collection of start tag, its attributes, an end tag and everything in between. On the other hand an HTML tag (either opening or closing) is used to mark the start or end of an element,
Example: <b>This is the content.</b>
21. What are Attributes and how do you use them?
Ans: Each tag has additional attributes that change the way the tag behaves or is displayed. For example, a <input> tag has a type attribute, which you can use to specify whether it’s a text field, checkbox, radio button or one of many more options.
Attributes are specified directly after the name of the tag, inside the two angled brackets. They should only ever appear in opening tags or in self-closing tags. But, they can never be in closing tags.
22. How many types of CSS can be included in HTML?
Ans: CSS can be included in HTML documents in 3 ways:
· Inline CSS- by using the STYLE attribute inside HTML elements
· Embedded CSS– by using the <STYLE> tag in the <HEAD> section
· External CSS– by using the <LINK> tag to link to an external CSS file
23. What is Cell Spacing and Cell Padding?
Ans: Cell Spacing is referred to as the space or gap between the two cells of the table. Whereas, Cell Padding is referred to as the space within each cell.
The cell padding attribute places spacing around data within each cell. The cell spacing attribute places space around each cell in the table.
24. What is a marquee?
Ans: Marquee is used for the scrolling text on a web page. It scrolls the image or text up, down, left or right automatically. You should put the text which you want to scroll within the <marquee>……</marquee> tag.
25. How many types of heading does an HTML contain?
Ans: The HTML contains six types of headings which are defined with the <h1>to <h6> tags. Each type of heading tag displays different text size from another. So, <h1> is the largest heading tag and <h6> is the smallest one.
26. How to create a hyperlink in HTML?
Ans: The HTML provides an anchor tag to create a hyperlink that links one page to another page. These tags can appear in any of the following ways:
o Unvisited link – It is displayed, underlined and blue.
o Visited link – It is displayed, underlined and purple.
o Active link – It is displayed, underlined and red.
27. What are Tags?
Ans: An HTML tag is a piece of markup language used to indicate the beginning and end of an HTML element in an HTML document.
Tags can be defined as the instructions which are being directly embedded in the text of an HTML document. The types of tags used in the HTML document are responsible to tell a web browser to do something (follow the instruction) instead of just displaying text. In an HTML document, all tag names are differentiated from other simple text. The tag names are enclosed in between angle brackets or a ‘less than’ and a ‘greater than’ symbol, (<) and (>).
28. In how many ways CSS can be implemented in HTML? Explain each of them with an example.
Ans: There are three ways you can use to implement CSS into your HTML:
· Inline CSS– by using the STYLE attribute inside HTML elements
· Internal or Embedded CSS– by using the <STYLE> tag in the <HEAD> section of HTML document
· External CSS– by using the <LINK> tag to link to an external CSSfile. Link the HTML sheet to a separate .css file
Inline CSS:
These style sheets are used to change individual tags like <H1>, <P>, <BODY> etc. in anHTML document. i.e., they apply to a particular tag only. We can use STYLE attribute of any HTML tag to define style rules. These rules will be applied to that Tag only. STYLE attribute is written within the tags whose style we would like to change.
E.g.: <H1> style= “font-size: 16pt”> the default setting of the <H1> tag is overridden by the usage of the style attribute within it.
Example:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>INLINE STYLE SHEET</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1 STYLE = “COLOR: RED; FONT-FAMILY: ARIAL” > INLINE STYLE SHEET</H1>
<H1>THIS LINE IS NOT STYLED</H1>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Internal or Embedded CSS:
You can put CSSrules into an HTMLdocument using the <STYLE>tag. This tag is placed inside the <HEAD> tag of the HTMLdocument. Rules defined using <STYLE>tag will be applied to all the elements available in the document.
Example:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<STYLE TYPE= “TEXT/CSS”>
<!–
BODY
{
Background: Red;
Font-family: Impact
}
H1
{
Font-weight: Bold;
Font-size: 24pt;
Color: Blue
}
–>
</STYLE>
<TITLE>EMBEDDING A STYLE SHEET</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF STYLE SHEET</H1>
</BODY>
</HTML>
External CSS:
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, we can change the look of an entire website by changing one file. The <LINK> tag can be used to include an external style sheet file in HTMLdocument.
An external style sheet is a separate text file with .css extension. We define all the style rules within this text file and then we can include this file in any HTML document using <LINK>tag. The <LINK>tag goes inside the <HEAD>tag.
Example:
Code for External Style Sheet:
BODY
{
Background-image: url(“BIRD.jpg”);
Font-family: Impact
}
H1, H2
{
Font-weight: Bold;
Font size: 24 pt;
Color: Red
}
Save the above external style sheet code with file name “EXT.CSS”
Code of the HTML document, which makes use of above Style Sheet:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>LINKING AN EXTERNAL STYLE SHEET</TITLE>
<LINK REL= “STYLESHEET” TYPE= “TEXT/CSS” HREF= “EXT.CSS”>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF STYLE SHEETS</H1>
<H2>This is how to link an external style sheet </H2>
</BODY>
</HTML>
29. Write a program in Java Script to print the even numbers between 1 and 100.
<html>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var i;
document.write(“The Even numbers: “) ;
document.write(“<br />”);
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
{
if(i % 2 == 0)
{
document.write(i);
document.write(“<br />”);
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
30. What is IP address? Why it is used? Explain with an example.
Ans:An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network. IP stands for “Internet Protocol,” which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the internet or local network.
In essence, IP addresses are the identifier that allows information to be sent between devices on a network: they contain location information and make devices accessible for communication. The internet needs a way to differentiate between different computers, routers, and websites. IP addresses provide a way of doing so and form an essential part of how the internet works.
IP addresses are expressed as a set of four numbers — an example address might be 192.158.1.38. Each number in the set can range from 0 to 255. So, the full IP addressing range goes from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.
31. What do you mean by e-commerce? List the advantages of e-commerce.
Ans:Electronic commerce (e-commerce) means buying and selling of any product through the Internet. It is a way of enabling or doing business over the Internet. Companies set up websites providing details of their products and services. Users can purchase whatever they want through credit/debit cards.
The advantages of e-commerce are:
(1) It is easy to start a business at low cost. An increasing number of consumers are drawn by the convenience of shopping at home.
(2) It is available 24-x 7 (24 hours on all the seven days of a week).
(3). The buying and selling procedures are fast.
(4). No need of physical company set-up.
(5). Customers can easily select a product and have the best deal/price for that product from different providers.
32. What is a search engine? Give few examples of search engines.
Ans: A search engine is a software tool or a website that allows people to find information on the World Wide Web. When we enter a keyword into the search engine, the search engine will look through the billions of web pages to help us find the ones that we are looking for. Today there are thousands of different search engines available on the internet, each with their own abilities and features.
A program Search engines allow users to search the internet for content using keywords. Although the market is dominated by a few, there are many search engines that people can use.
Examples of search engines: Google, Excite, Lycos, AltaVista, Infoseek and Yahoo are all search engines.
33. What are the two parts of an e-mail? Explain with an example.
Ans:An e-mail address has two main parts: the user’s login name and the host name, seperated by @.
The first part is the user name which identifies the user personally on the mail server.
The @ symbol, called ‘at’ symbol connects the username to the mail server. The host name or the domain name identifies the internal domain that handles the e-mail account.
For Example:rajesh@gmail.com where ‘rajesh’ refers to username, ‘gmail’ refers to server or host name, and ‘.com’ refers to commercial organisation.
34.What is e-mail? Mention any two advantages of using e-mail.
ans:Electronic mail is an electronic exchange of messages from one computer to another. It is fast and easy to use. We can send text, pictures, and sound messages across the globe within a fraction of a second through e-mail.
Two advantages of using e-mail are:
(1) Speed:An e-mail is a faster means of correspondence than an ordinary post. A message can reach any part of the world in a fraction of a second through an e-mail.
(2) Content:The message that we want to send via e-mail may consist of only a few lines or several hundred lines of text. Unlike the postal service, the message is not charged by weight.
35.What is FTP?
Ans: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one computer to another (typically from your computer to web server ) over internet. FTP is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the internet or to upload a file to a server (e.g., uploading a web page file to a server).
Files can be transferred in either direction. “Downloading” refers to a transfer of a file from a remote computer to your computer. “Uploading” refers to a transfer of a file from your computer to a remote computer.